(Decision Making and the Will of God has sold more than 250,000 copies since first published by Garry Friesen with J. Robin Maxson. Dr. Friesen has kindly provided WiseInsightsForum.com with this concise summary of his 525-page book so that we might share it with you. The full book is available on amazon.com here, and we recommend it highly.)
Principles for Decision Making
There is a very old, now classic, joke that goes like this:
Patient: “Doctor, I can’t seem to make up my mind about what I should do.”
Psychiatrist: “Have you always had trouble making decisions?”
Patient: “Well, yes and no.”
At best, the joke is a grinner. But it touches a responsive chord in most of us because, on any given day, the guy on the couch could be yours truly.
And yet we must decide. And how we decide matters, for all of our choices shape our lives to some extent. Dr. Haddon Robinson expresses our sentiments well when he says: “We want to make right decisions, for we realize that the decisions we make turn around and make us. As we choose one end of the road we choose the other. “
Everyone wants to make decisions that turn out well. But conscientious Christians have an additional, ultimate objective: “. . . we have as our ambition … to be pleasing to [the Lord]” (2 Corinthians 5:9).
The prerequisite for God-pleasing decisions is act forth by the Apostle Paul In Colossians 1:9-10: “. . . that you may be filled with the knowledge of His will. In all spiritual wisdom and understanding, so that you may walk in a manner worthy of the Lord, to please Him in all respects. . . .” The principal task in decision making for the Christian is to learn what God wants him to do, and then do it.
So far so good. The obvious question is, how is the Christian to learn what God wants him to do as he is confronted with life’s decisions?
“God Has Spoken”
Throughout history, the ways that God has communicated His will to men have varied. Before there was any Scripture, God revealed His will through direct revelation. Usually the message was received by a single individual who would pass along to others whatever content God would instruct. The means of revelation included visions, angels, theophanies (manifestations of God in human form), or simply the audible voice of God (see Genesis 28:12-16; 32:1-2. 24-30; 35: 1).
As God’s special revelation was committed to paper (Exodus 17:14; 24:4; 34:27-28), His people had two sources of knowledge of His will – the Book (referenced in Joshua 1:8) and the additional instruction that God gave by further direct revelation (Joshua 1:1-9).
Over a period of some 1500 years, God’s will was written down (2 Peter 1: 19-21). Finally, after God had revealed Himself fully in the human person of His Son, Jesus Christ (John 1: 14, 18), the Book we call the Bible was completed (Revelation 22:18-20). Since God’s special revelation culminated in His Son, believers in this age possess In Scripture the full disclosure of God’s will until the Second Coming of that same Son.
Accordingly, God has provided for us all that we need in order to make decisions that are pleasing to Him! (2 Peter 1:3).
The purpose of this article is to summarize the teaching of God’s Word on how we can make decisions according to God’s will.
The Principle of Obedience
When the Bible speaks of God’s will, it does so in one of two senses. The first of these we will call the “moral” will of God. It may be defined as the commands and principles which God has revealed in the Bible to teach how men ought to believe and live.
For example, Paul wrote that even unbelieving Jews “… know [God’s] will, and approve the things that are essential, being instructed out of the Law. . .” (Romans 2:18). He was saying that since they study the Scripture, they understand God’s moral will. Therefore, they know right from wrong, truth from error. Their fault is not ignorance, but disobedience.
Accordingly, the Principle of Obedience may be stated: In those areas specifically addressed by the Bible, the revealed commands and principles of God (His moral will) are to be obeyed.
The ramifications of this principle are more fully recognized when four crucial characteristics of God’s moral will are brought into focus.
1. The moral will of God is fully revealed in the Bible. One hundred per cent of what God wants us to know about believing and living to please Him He has already told us. The Bible is our final and complete authority for faith and practice (2 Timothy 3:16-17; Hebrews 1: 1-2).
2. The moral will of God is the expression of the character of God (Romans 7:12). Because God’s moral will reflects His character, it helps to produce that same character in the life of the one who obeys it (Luke 6.35-36) and leads to fullness of life (Psalm 19:7-11).
3. The moral will of God touches every aspect and moment of life. That is true because God’s will encompasses more than overt behavior. For God is not concerned simply with what we do; He cares equally about why we do what we do, as well as how we do it. To put it differently, God’s moral will prescribes the believer’s goals and attitudes, as well as his actions. Furthermore, it shapes his perspective of reality which serves as the context in which his decisions are made.
This point is so important that it merits further consideration. Goals, by their nature, are more general than behavioral commands. The Christian’s goals should reflect God’s stated purposes for his life. Here are a few of the major ones:
• to glorify God in all things (1 Corinthians 10:31);
• to minister to others (Romans 14:19);
• to fulfill God-given responsibilities (1 Peter 4: 10-11);
• to evangelize lost people (2 Peter 3:9);
• to do good works (Titus 3:8);
• to produce spiritual fruit (Colossians 1: 10).
Our decisions should not only conform to God-given goals, they should reflect right attitudes. A partial listing of God’s will for this area of our lives would include: love (Mark 12:28-31), reliance (Proverbs 3:5-6), humility (Philippians 2:5-8), gratitude (Colossians 3:17), integrity (Colossians 3:22), diligence (Colossians 3:23), eagerness (1 Peter 5:2), generosity (1 Timothy 6:17-19), courage (John 16:33), submission (Ephesians 5:21), contentment (Hebrews 13:5), and joy (James 1:2).
Of course God is concerned about our behavior, for the end does not justify just any means. With proper goals in view, and right attitudes at heart, our actions must be lawful (i.e., they must not be outside of the revealed will of God. Ephesians 5:1-14). and they must be wise (i.e., the believer may not make a decision he knows to be foolish (Ephesians 5: 15-17, Luke 14:28-32).
Since no decision is made in a vacuum, the degree to which we pursue godly goals with righteous attitudes and wise actions will be largely determined by our perspective on life. In particular, the Christian whose world-view is shaped by Scripture will have a much different sense of self-identity. Knowing that he is loved by God with a love which he did nothing to earn (and which, therefore, he can do nothing to forfeit, Romans 8:31-39), he will face life with a deep sense of security. Being aware that God has specifically equipped him to participate meaningfully in the outworking of the eternal purposes of God (Ephesians 2: 10, 1 Peter 4: 10-11), he has a clear grasp of his personal worth. A strong sense of security and significance in Christ frees the Christian from self-promoting motivations in decision making, releasing him to focus more on the needs of others (Philippians 2:1-5).
Other passages would remind the Christian that he is on assignment for God in enemy territory (Ephesians 6:12), that physical life on this earth is preparatory for “real life” in heaven, that what he invests for God now will be repaid with interest later (Matthew 6:19-21; Romans 8:18; 2 Corinthians 4:17). And he will recognize that the unseen forces and resources of heaven are involved in his behalf as he seeks to carry out God’s will on earth (Hebrews 1:14; 11:1, 2 Kings 6:16-17).
It is God’s moral will that we resist having our viewpoint molded by the world (Romans 12:2). Instead, we are to “walk by faith” (2 Corinthians 5:7) seeing our lives, and therefore our decisions, through the “glasses” of God’s Word.
To sum up: It is because God’s moral will prescribes our goals, attitudes, actions, and perspective that it touches every aspect and moment of life.
4. Since the moral will of God contains His complete revelation for faith and life, expresses God’s own character, and touches every aspect and moment of life, it is fully able to equip believers for every good work. “All Scripture is inspired by God and profitable for teaching, for reproof, for correction, for training in righteousness; that the man of God may be adequate, equipped for every good work” (2 Timothy 3:16-17).
Our response to such abundant guidance from God should be obvious. First, we need to learn what God has said (Joshua 1:8).
Second, we need to do what God has said (John 13:17). As one observes the decision-making practices of people, one is forced to the sobering conclusion that the greatest impediments to making good decisions are ignorance of God’s Word and stubborn resistance to God’s will (Proverbs 16:25; Acts 7: 51).
The Principle of Freedom
It is obvious to the student of the Bible that God’s moral will does not specifically address every decision we make. That would be impossible. For not only are there too many decisions to prescribe, there are choices that are required in our modern setting that were unknown in the biblical world-which car to buy, what television program to watch, etc. It is those kinds of decisions that are governed by the next two principles of decision making.
The Principle of Freedom may be expressed as follows: In those areas where the Bible gives no command or principle (non-commanded decisions), the believer is free and responsible to choose his course of action. Any decision made within the moral will of god is acceptable to God.
This principle asserts three things: 1) There are some decisions which have multiple options, any number of which may be acceptable to God; 2) the final decision made must not be in violation of God’s moral will (in purpose, attitude, or execution); and 3) God will not dictate to the believer what he must do – the individual is free to make the decision.
(It should be noted in passing that God certainly could reveal His will for a particular decision not directly addressed in Scripture. He has done that in the past, as Scripture records, and His ability to do so now remains unchanged. So if His purposes warranted, God could directly communicate specific guidance today. If He were to do so, it could be expected that the revelation would be crystal clear – and that the means would be on the order of an angelic visit, super-natural vision, or audible voice. However, what we are about to see is that biblical decision making does not anticipate such divine intervention. True, it does not rule it out. It just assumes that the Word we already have is adequate for all our decisions. And if it is not enough in some situations, it is up to God to provide what we need.)
The principle of freedom of choice within revealed limits was clearly part of the Creator”s design from the very beginning. The parable which follows, paraphrased from Genesis 2, highlights the reality of freedom in God’s first specific commandment to man.
“The First Supper”
Adam was hungry. He had had a long, challenging day naming animals. His afternoon nap had been refreshing, and his post-siesta introduction to Eve was exhilarating, to say the least. But as the sun began to set on their first day, Adam discovered that he had worked up an appetite.
“I think we should eat,” he said to Eve. “Let’s call the evening meal ‘supper.’”
“Oh, you’re so decisive, Adam,” replied Eve in admiration. “I like that in a man. I guess all the excitement of being created has made me hungry too.”
As they discussed how they should proceed, they decided that Adam would gather fruit from the garden, and Eve would prepare it for their meal. Adam set about his task and soon returned with a basket full of ripe fruit. He gave it to Eve, and went to soak his feet in the soothing current of the Pishon River until supper was ready. He had been reviewing the animals” names for about five minutes when he heard his wife’s troubled voice.
“Adam, could you help me for a moment?”
“What seems to be the problem, dear?” he replied.
“I’m not sure which of these lovely fruits I should prepare for supper. I certainly want to be obedient to the Lord’s will. But I’m just not sure what He wants me to do. Would you go ask Him what I should do about supper?”
Adam understood Eve’s dilemma. So he left her to go speak with the Lord. Shortly he returned, looking perplexed. “He didn’t really answer your question,” he announced.
“What do you mean? Didn’t He say anything?”
“Oh yes,” replied Adam. “But He just repeated what He said earlier today during the garden tour: “From any tree of the garden you may eat freely; but from the tree of the knowledge of good and evil you shall not eat.” I assure you, Eve, I steered clear of the forbidden tree.”
“Well, we still have to make a decision about supper,” she observed. “What should I prepare for tonight?”
Adam shrugged. “I’ve never seen such crisp, juicy apples. I think it would be OK to have them.”
Eve agreed, and Adam headed back to his easy-bank.
He was only halfway to the river when he heard Eve’s call. He was so hungry that he jogged back to the clearing where she was working. But his anticipation evaporated when he saw her face.
“More problems?” he asked.
“Adam, I just can’t decide what I should do with these apples. I could slice them, dice them, mash them, bake them in a pie, a cobbler, fritters, or dumplings. Or we could just polish them and eat them raw. But I don’t want to do anything that would be displeasing to the Lord. Would you be a dear and go just one more time to the Lord with my problem?”
Not having any better solution himself, Adam did as Eve requested. When he returned, he said, “I get the same answer as before: “From any tree of the garden you may eat freely; but from the tree of the knowledge of good and evil you shall not eat.” You know, Eve, the Lord made that statement as though it ought to fully answer my question. I’m sure He could have told me what to eat and how to eat it; but I think He wants us to make those decisions. It was the same way with the animals today. He just left their names up to me.”
Eve was incredulous. “Do you mean that I can’t miss God’s will in this decision?”
Adam explained: “The only way you could do that is to pick some fruit from the forbidden tree. But all of these fruits are all right. Why, I suppose we could eat all of them.” Adam snapped his fingers and exclaimed, “Say, that’s a great idea! Let’s have fruit salad for supper.”
Eve was hesitant. “What’s a salad?”
When we speak of freedom within the moral will of God, our terminology suggests a diagram. God’s moral will can be represented by a circle. Whatever is commanded by God lies within the circle; whatever is forbidden by God is outside that perimeter. Within the larger circle of God’s moral will is a smaller circle signifying an area of freedom.
Now, in the first command quoted above, the tree of knowledge of good and evil would be outside of the circle of God’s will – forbidden. The rest of the trees of Eden would not only be inside the larger circle, they would be within the area of freedom.
This same principle is taught in the New Testament as well. For the sake of brevity, we will simply cite three passages that teach freedom of choice with regard to dinner invitations from unbelievers, giving to the church, and marriage partners.
“If one of the unbelievers invites you, and you wish to go, eat anything that is set before you, without asking questions for conscience’ sake” (1 Corinthians 10:27).
“Let each one [give] just as he has purposed in his heart; not grudgingly or under compulsion; for God loves a cheerful giver” (2 Corinthians 9:7).
“A wife is bound as long as her husband lives, but if her husband is dead, she is free to be married to whom she wishes, only in the Lord” (1 Corinthians 7:39).
In each of these cases, there is a clear line marking off the circle of God’s moral will. The reality of an area of freedom is equally clear in each case. In the last passage, for instance, the moral will of God forbids marriage of a Christian to a non-Christian. But the choice of whether to marry and which particular believer to marry falls within the area of freedom. It is up to the individuals involved to make the decision and follow through on the commitment with the Spirit’s strength.
The Principle of Wisdom
The other side of the coin is that freedom entails responsibility. If God is not going to dictate every choice we make, the believer is not only free to choose – he is required to choose.
That raises a critical question: On what basis is the Christian to make his decisions in freedom areas?
It is fruitful, when reflecting on this question, to observe the decision-making practices of the apostles as well as their explanations for the reasons behind their actions. For instance, some weeks after Paul and his companions were forced to leave the newly founded church at Thessalonica, they agreed on a plan, explained in 1 Thessalonians 3:1-2, whereby the fledgling church could receive further help: “Therefore when we could endure it no longer, we thought it best to be left behind at Athens alone, and we sent Timothy … to strengthen and encourage you as to your faith.”
How was their decision made? “We thought it best.”
As one reads of other apostolic decisions in the New Testament, one encounters similar terminology: “I thought it necessary” (Philippians 2:25-26); “if it is fitting” (1 Corinthians 16:3-4); “it is not desirable” (Acts 6:2-4); “I have decided” (Titus 3:12).
When it came to instruction in decision making, the apostles’ exhortations were consistent with their practice. Some choices were commanded on grounds of being “good,” while others were “better” (1 Corinthians 7:1, 9, 26. 38).
All of the decisions referred to have two things in common: 1) since they were not determined by God’s moral will, they each qualified as a matter of freedom, and 2) the terms utilized in the explanations (“good,” “better.” “best.” “fitting,” etc.) imply some standard.
That standard, in a word, is wisdom. And the principle of wisdom is: In noncommanded decisions, the goal of the believer is to make wise decisions on the basis of spiritual advantage.
In this principle, some definitions are important.
“Spiritual” indicates that the ends in view, as well as the means to those ends, are governed by the moral will of God.
“Advantage” means what works best to get the job done – within God’s moral will, of course.
And “wisdom” is accurately defined as “the power to see, and the inclination to choose, the best and highest goal, together with the surest means of attaining it.” Wisdom is the ability to recognize what is spiritually expedient in a given situation.
The importance of wisdom in decision making is emphasized by Paul in Ephesians 5:15-16: “Therefore be careful how you walk, not as unwise men, but as wise, making the most of your time, because the days are evil.”
And where does one find the kind of wisdom necessary for decision-making? Ultimately, of course, “. . . the LORD gives wisdom, From His mouth come knowledge and understanding” (Proverbs 2:6). For “wise” is what God is in His essence (Job 9:4, 12:13). In Him alone can wisdom be found in its fullness (Romans 11:33; 16:27).
But godly wisdom is not imparted to just anyone. It is granted only to those who value it enough to pursue it.
“If you seek [wisdom] as silver,
And search for her as for hidden treasures;
Then you will discern the fear of the LORD,
And discover the knowledge of God” (Proverbs 2:4-5; see 8:17).
If one is going to find “hidden treasure,” it is important to know where to look. For God’s wisdom is mediated through a number of sources.
The most obvious of these sources is the Bible itself. For in its pages, God has spoken. His gift of wisdom has, in large measure, been given (Psalm 119:97- 100). Even though not all of decisions are determined by God’s moral will, they are all regulated by it.
Still, God in His grace has provided other valuable and legitimate sources of wisdom. The principal ones include outside research (Luke 14:28-32), wise counselors (Proverbs 15:22) and the lessons of life itself (Hebrews 5:12-14)
Even though the search for wisdom is objective, it is not impersonal. For God is involved throughout the process in granting wisdom to those who ask in faith (James 1:5-6) and who seek the attitudes of reverence, humility, teachableness, diligence, and uprightness (Proverbs 2:4-7. 9:9-10; 15:31-33).
The Principle of Humility
Most of the biblical teaching concerning decision making relates the believer’s choices to the moral will of God. God’s moral will not only dictates what men must and must not do, but it also defines the sphere within which Christians have freedom and responsibility of choice. And it explains how that freedom and responsibility are to be exercised according to wisdom.
There is, however, another aspect of God’s will that is found In the Bible and affects our decisions. We will call this category God’s “sovereign” will. Ephesians 1: 11, for example, uses the term in this sense when it says that God “. . . works things after the counsel of His will.” God’s sovereign will may be defined as God’s secret plan that determines everything that happens in the universe.
To see how God’s sovereign will affects our decisions, there are at least four things we need to understand about it.
1. God’s sovereign will is exhaustive. It is the ultimate determiner of all things (Ephesians 1: 11), including which of our plans finds fulfillment (James 4:13-15).
2. God’s sovereign will is certain. It will not be frustrated by men, angels, or anything else (Daniel 4:35). To Paul’s challenging question, “Who resists His will?” (Romans 9:19), we are humbly compelled to agree, “No one!” (Romans 9:6-29).
3. God’s sovereign will is secret. Man can only learn what it is after it happens (Deuteronomy 29:29). The only exceptions to this are statements of prophecy in which events are foretold (1 Thessalonians 4:13-18), and explanations of the destinies of the saved (John 3:16) and the lost (John 3:36).
4. God’s sovereign will is perfect. It is perfect in the sense that it will ultimately lead to God’s greatest glory. There never was another plan (Ephesians 1:4). Though sin is contrary to God’s moral will, its presence is permitted in God’s plan partly because His conquest of it reveals His grace and power. God will be glorified for His holiness, for His defeat of Satan, for His righteous judgment, and for His grace to redeemed sinners (Revelation 5, see also John 12:32-33; Romans 5:20, 8:28-30; 11: 15, 30-33).
Without a doubt, the teaching concerning God’s sovereign will confronts us with one of the greatest mysteries in the Bible. For Scripture is equally emphatic that while God ultimately determines all things, He does so without being the author of sin (James 1: 13), without violating the will of man (Luke 22:22), and without destroying the reality of decision making (Acts 2:23; 4:27-28).
Theologians have not unraveled this mystery (Romans 9:14-21), and God has not yet completely explained the outworking of divine sovereignty and human responsibility (see Habakkuk 1-3). But both are asserted to be true, often in the same verse (Luke 22:22).
The equal truth of these twin realities is in no place more clearly seen than in the provision of our salvation. For the most wicked act ever committed – the willful murder of God’s Son, Israel’s Messiah – actually accomplished the central requirement in God’s glorious plan of redemption! Accordingly, Peter declared to the men of Israel, “this Man, delivered up by the predetermined plan and foreknowledge of God, you nailed to a cross by the hands of godless men and put Him to death” (Acts 2:23; see 4:27-28).
While it is always appropriate to seek to understand God’s revelation to the fullest possible extent, there are limits to the ability of finite minds to comprehend the infinite God. Those who, through the study of God’s Word, gain humble appreciation for the wonder of God’s sovereign will, find themselves echoing in their hearts the doxology of the apostle Paul: “Oh. the depth of the riches both of the wisdom and knowledge of God! How unsearchable are His judgments and unfathomable His ways!” (Romans 11:33).
It remains for us to see how God’s sovereign will relates to our decision-making. Perhaps the clearest biblical commentary is provided by James 4:13-16:
Come now, you who say, “Today or tomorrow, we shall go to such and such a city, and spend a year there and engage in business and make a profit.” Yet you do not know what your life will be like tomorrow. You are just a vapor that appears for a little while and then vanishes away. Instead, you ought to say, “if the Lord wills, we shall live and also do this or that.” But as it is, you boast in your arrogance; all such boasting is evil.
This paragraph is essentially a rebuke of arrogant, self-sufficient planning which does not acknowledge God or His sovereignty. The proud merchants are guilty of making two presumptions: 1) that they will live beyond tomorrow; and 2) that they control their own destinies. “All such boasting is evil.”
Significantly, James does not condemn the practice of planning. His corrective does not call for a repeal of their plans, but for a proper recognition of God’s overruling purposes – “If the Lord wills …” (v. 15). The whole paragraph is apparently an illustration of the principle stated in verse 6: “God is opposed to the proud, but gives grace to the humble.”
In short, the proper response to the sovereign will of God is what we are calling the Principle of Humility: In all decisions, the believer should humbly accept, in advance, the outworking of God’s sovereign will as it touches each decision. (See Acts 18:21; 19:21. 20:16; 1 Corinthians 4:19; 16:5-7.)
Since the sovereign will of God cannot be known in advance (it is secret), it has no direct bearing on the activity of decision-making. On the other hand, since the sovereign will of God ultimately determines whether and/or when our plans are accomplished, its reality should govern our attitude in decision making. Humble planning is the proper response to the sovereign will of God.
A Case History: Paul’s Plans to Visit Rome
What James advocated, Paul practiced. In Romans 1:8-13 and 15:20-29, Paul explained the travel plans by which he hoped to visit Rome. Careful study of these verses reveals the steps in Paul’s decision-making process:
1. PURPOSES: Paul adopted spiritual goals that were based on God’s moral will (1: 11-13; 15:20).
2. PRIORITIES: Since he did not know how much time he had, he arranged his goals into wise priorities, determining what should be done first, second, third, etc. (15:23-28).
3. PLANS: Next, he devised plans that gave him a strategy for accomplishing his purposes (1: 13; 15:23-28).
4. PRAYER: Through prayer, he submitted himself and his plans to the sovereign will of God (1:8-10).
5. PERSEVERANCE: When providentially hindered from accomplishing his plans, he assumed that the delay was God’s sovereign will. This conviction freed him from discouragement. Since his plans were sound, the only thing he adjusted was the timetable (1:10, 13; 15:22-24).
6. PRESENTATION: Paul explained his decisions on the basis of God’s moral will and his own personal application of wisdom (1:8-13; 15:20-29).
The postscript to this discussion is that Paul did eventually make it to Jerusalem, Rome, and possibly even Spain – in that order. He did have to modify his plans somewhat along the way, for the two-year stopover in the Caesarean jail and the shipwreck at Malta had not been included in Paul’s original projections. Nor did Paul just visit the Romans “in passing.” His confinement under house arrest delayed his plans for westward advancement for at least two years.
On the plus side, Paul’s transportation from Palestine to Rome was provided courtesy of Caesar, who also furnished a military escort for his protection. And the period of imprisonment was used by Paul to pen a major portion of what was to become the New Testament.
Because he responded properly to God’s guidance in its various forms, Paul became a model of one who engaged in long-range planning on the one hand, and snatched up present opportunities on the other. Interruptions became occasions for personal growth and ministry. It is just such a balance that believers today should seek to maintain.
And in Conclusion
At the beginning of this article, we established that the goal of the Christian is to make decisions that are pleasing to God. What we have seen is that His Word establishes four principles for decision making according to God’s will:
1. The Principle of OBEDIENCE: In those areas specifically addressed by the Bible, the revealed commands and principles of God (His moral will) are to be obeyed.
2. The Principle of FREEDOM: In those areas where the Bible gives no command or principle, the believer is free and responsible to choose his course of action. Any decision made within the moral will of God is acceptable to God.
3. The Principle of WISDOM: In noncommanded decisions, the goal of the believer is to make wise decisions on the basis of spiritual advantage.
4. The Principle of HUMILITY: In all decisions, the believer should humbly accept, in advance, the outworking of God’s sovereign will as it touches each decision.
This summary is stated slightly shorter in the new edition of Decision Making and the Will of God:
1. Where God commands, we must obey.
2. Where there is no command, God gives us freedom (and responsibility) to choose
3. Where there is no command, God gives us wisdom to choose.
4. When we have chosen what is moral and wise, we must trust the sovereign God to work all the details together for good.
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